+40 % change
Extra-EU imports of CN 854231 were up 40% in 2025 compared with 2020 (€15.92 billion), calculated from Eurostat values.
Eurostat17.27 EUR billion
EU exports of CN 854231 to countries outside the EU were worth €17.27 billion in 2025.
Eurostat13.20 EUR billion
Trade between EU member states in CN 854231 (intra-EU arrivals) came to €13.20 billion in 2025.
EurostatSource: Eurostat
Why this market is moving now
- Extra-EU import value moved +40% from 2020 to 2025, a direct read on EU demand for sourced supply.
- Supply is concentrated: one country provided a large share of extra-EU imports in 2025.
- US employment in the core industry shifted +7% since 2020.
What this market covers
Integrated circuits built by stacking chips or layers vertically, linked with through silicon vias. Buyers are chip designers, device makers and data center operators.
Typical segments
- Memory stacks
- Logic on logic stacks
- Through silicon via packaging
- Hybrid bonding
Who buys
- Semiconductor firms
- Data center operators
- Electronics makers
Largest non-EU suppliers to the EU
| Country | Import value |
|---|---|
| Malaysia | 5,254.1 EUR million |
| Taiwan | 3,628.8 EUR million |
| Israel | 3,241.0 EUR million |
| China | 2,635.9 EUR million |
| Costa Rica | 1,549.4 EUR million |
| Korea, Republic of | 1,466.4 EUR million |
Key figures
Each figure links to the page it came from.
| Figure | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| The EU imported €22.22 billion of products under CN code 854231 (Electronic integrated circuits as processors and controllers, whether or not combined) from outside the EU in 2025. | 22.22 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Extra-EU imports of CN 854231 were up 40% in 2025 compared with 2020 (€15.92 billion), calculated from Eurostat values. | +40 % change | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 854231 to countries outside the EU were worth €17.27 billion in 2025. | 17.27 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Trade between EU member states in CN 854231 (intra-EU arrivals) came to €13.20 billion in 2025. | 13.20 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Malaysia was the largest non-EU supplier of CN 854231 to the EU in 2025, with €5.25 billion, or 24% of extra-EU imports. | 5.25 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 854231 to the United States were €1.74 billion in 2025. | 1.74 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The average value of extra-EU imports of CN 854231 was €2,179.18 per kilogram in 2025, calculated from Eurostat value and weight. | 2,179.18 EUR per kg | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Ireland was the largest EU exporter of CN 854231 to non-EU countries in 2025, at €7.12 billion. | 7.12 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The EU had 7,473 enterprises in NACE class C2611 (Manufacture of electronic components) in 2022. | 7,473 enterprises | 2022 | Eurostat |
| NACE class C2611 employed 229,882 people across the EU in 2021. | 229,882 persons employed | 2021 | Eurostat |
| The US had 2,533 private establishments in NAICS 334413 (Semiconductor and related device manufacturing) in 2025. | 2,533 establishments | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| NAICS 334413 employed an average of 197,161 people in US private industry in 2025. | 197,161 jobs | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| US employment in NAICS 334413 changed by +7% between 2020 (184,956 jobs) and 2025, calculated from BLS figures. | +7 % change | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| Average annual pay in US NAICS 334413 was $281,331 in 2025. | 281,331 USD per year | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
What the full report covers
- 1
Executive summary
The answer on two pages: size, growth and what drives it.
- 2
Market size and outlook
History, the current year and a five-year view with base, low and high cases.
- 3
Segments and regions
Splits by product, buyer and geography across the US, Europe and MEA.
- 4
Company profiles
The main players, how they compete and where they are investing.
- 5
Data and method
Every figure in Excel, with the sources and assumptions behind it.
- 01Executive summary
The answer in one page: size, direction and what moves it - 02Market definition and scope
What is in and out of the European Union market - 03Market size, 2021 to 2025
Historical series and growth rates - 04Outlook to 2031
Base, low and high scenarios with stated assumptions - 05Rules, policy and deadlines
Regulation and programmes that change demand - 06Drivers and barriers
What accelerates or slows adoption, by customer segment - 07Prices, costs and margins
Unit economics where public data allows - 08Competitive landscape
8 to 12 company profiles with recent moves - 09Opportunities and risks
For new entrants, suppliers and investors - 10Method and sources
Every assumption and source, listed
Included with the full report
- PDF report, 40 to 60 pages
- Excel data pack
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- Method note and assumptions
- Written to order in 5 working days
Frequently asked questions
How big is the EU 3D IC market?
There is no single official market total. Eurostat trade data shows the EU imported €22.22 billion of goods under CN 854231 from outside the EU in 2025 and exported €17.27 billion.
Where does the EU import 3D IC from?
Malaysia was the largest non-EU supplier in 2025. The next largest were Taiwan, Israel, China.
What is the average import price of 3D IC in the EU?
Dividing Eurostat import value by weight gives about €2,179.18 per kilogram for CN 854231 in 2025.
Which EU countries export the most 3D IC?
Ireland led EU exports to non-EU countries in 2025, followed by Germany, Netherlands.
How many US companies are in the 3D IC industry?
BLS counts 2,533 private establishments in NAICS 334413 (Semiconductor and related device manufacturing), the closest official industry.
How many EU companies are in the 3D IC industry?
Eurostat counts 7,473 enterprises in NACE class C2611 (Manufacture of electronic components).
Sources and method
The figures on this page come from the public sources listed below. Read how we work.
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 854231, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 22216989426
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 854231, flow import, 2020 VALUE_IN_EUROS 15916262283; 2025 VALUE_IN_EUROS 22216989426
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 854231, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 17273095456
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 854231, partner INT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 13195488920
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 854231, partner MY, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 5254129753
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 854231, partner US, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 1736747414
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 854231, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 22216989426, QUANTITY_IN_100KG 101951
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
DS-045409, reporter IE, product 854231, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 7123853476
- Eurostat: Enterprises by detailed NACE Rev. 2 activity and special aggregates (sbs_ovw_act) (2026-11-04)
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C2611, indic_sbs ENT_NR, 2022, 7473
- Eurostat: Enterprises by detailed NACE Rev. 2 activity and special aggregates (sbs_ovw_act) (2026-11-04)
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C2611, indic_sbs EMP_NR, 2021, 229882
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: QCEW annual averages, NAICS 334413, 2025 (2026-11-04)
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 334413, annual_avg_estabs 2533
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: QCEW annual averages, NAICS 334413, 2025 (2026-11-04)
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 334413, annual_avg_emplvl 197161
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: QCEW annual averages, NAICS 334413, 2025 (2026-11-04)
QCEW 2020 annual_avg_emplvl 184956; 2025 annual_avg_emplvl 197161
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: QCEW annual averages, NAICS 334413, 2025 (2026-11-04)
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 334413, avg_annual_pay 281331
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