What this market covers
Arbitrary waveform generators create custom electrical signals for testing and research. Buyers are electronics labs, semiconductor firms, telecom makers and defence test teams.
Typical segments
- Benchtop generators
- Modular generators
- High speed RF generators
- Function and pulse generators
Source: Eurostat
Why this market is moving now
- Extra-EU import value moved +98% from 2020 to 2025, a direct read on EU demand for sourced supply.
- Supply is concentrated: one country provided a large share of extra-EU imports in 2025.
- US employment in the core industry shifted -4% since 2020.
Key figures
Each figure names the source it came from. Open the source list below to read the quoted line.
| Figure | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| The EU imported €193.6 million of products under CN code 85432000 (Signal generators, electrical) from outside the EU in 2025. | 193.6 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Extra-EU imports of CN 85432000 were up 98% in 2025 compared with 2020 (€98.0 million), calculated from Eurostat values. | +98 % change | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 85432000 to countries outside the EU were worth €515.3 million in 2025. | 515.3 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Trade between EU member states in CN 85432000 (intra-EU arrivals) came to €158.5 million in 2025. | 158.5 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Malaysia was the largest non-EU supplier of CN 85432000 to the EU in 2025, with €41.0 million, or 21% of extra-EU imports. | 41.0 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 85432000 to the United States were €83.6 million in 2025. | 83.6 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The average value of extra-EU imports of CN 85432000 was €310.58 per kilogram in 2025, calculated from Eurostat value and weight. | 310.58 EUR per kg | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Germany was the largest EU exporter of CN 85432000 to non-EU countries in 2025, at €201.7 million. | 201.7 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The EU had 8,828 enterprises in NACE class C2651 (Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation) in 2023. | 8,828 enterprises | 2023 | Eurostat |
| EU enterprises in NACE class C2651 had net turnover of €95.40 billion in 2023. | 95.40 EUR billion | 2023 | Eurostat |
| NACE class C2651 employed 390,399 people across the EU in 2023. | 390,399 persons employed | 2023 | Eurostat |
| The US had 1,298 private establishments in NAICS 334515 (Instrument manufacturing for measuring and testing electricity and electrical signals) in 2025. | 1,298 establishments | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| NAICS 334515 employed an average of 36,120 people in US private industry in 2025. | 36,120 jobs | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| US employment in NAICS 334515 changed by -4% between 2020 (37,768 jobs) and 2025, calculated from BLS figures. | -4 % change | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| Average annual pay in US NAICS 334515 was $144,147 in 2025. | 144,147 USD per year | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
Sources and method
The figures on this page come from the public sources listed below. Read how we work.
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 1
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85432000, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 193564600
- Figure 2
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85432000, flow import, 2020 VALUE_IN_EUROS 97967186; 2025 VALUE_IN_EUROS 193564600
- Figure 3
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85432000, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 515305642
- Figure 4
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85432000, partner INT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 158517917
- Figure 5
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85432000, partner MY, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 41037114
- Figure 6
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85432000, partner US, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 83639061
- Figure 7
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85432000, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 193564600, QUANTITY_IN_100KG 6232
- Figure 1
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 8
DS-045409, reporter DE, product 85432000, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 201713452
- Figure 8
- Eurostat: Enterprises by detailed NACE Rev. 2 activity and special aggregates (sbs_ovw_act) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 9
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C2651, indic_sbs ENT_NR, 2023, 8828
- Figure 10
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C2651, indic_sbs NETTUR_MEUR, 2023, 95400
- Figure 11
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C2651, indic_sbs EMP_NR, 2023, 390399
- Figure 9
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: QCEW annual averages, NAICS 334515, 2025 (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 12
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 334515, annual_avg_estabs 1298
- Figure 13
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 334515, annual_avg_emplvl 36120
- Figure 14
QCEW 2020 annual_avg_emplvl 37768; 2025 annual_avg_emplvl 36120
- Figure 15
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 334515, avg_annual_pay 144147
- Figure 12
Buyers and suppliers
Who buys
- Electronics labs
- Telecom equipment makers
- Defence test teams
Large non-EU suppliers to the EU
What the full report covers
- 01Executive summary
The answer in one page: size, direction and what moves it - 02Market definition and scope
What is in and out of the European Union market - 03Market size, 2021 to 2025
Historical series and growth rates - 04Outlook to 2031
Base, low and high scenarios with stated assumptions - 05Rules, policy and deadlines
Regulation and programmes that change demand - 06Drivers and barriers
What accelerates or slows adoption, by customer segment - 07Prices, costs and margins
Unit economics where public data allows - 08Competitive landscape
8 to 12 company profiles with recent moves - 09Opportunities and risks
For new entrants, suppliers and investors - 10Method and sources
Every assumption and source, listed
Included with the full report
- PDF report, 40 to 60 pages
- Excel data pack
- Ready-to-use charts
- Method note and assumptions
- Written to order in 5 working days
Frequently asked questions
How big is the EU arbitrary waveform generator market?
There is no single official market total. Eurostat trade data shows the EU imported €193.6 million of goods under CN 85432000 from outside the EU in 2025 and exported €515.3 million.
Where does the EU import arbitrary waveform generator from?
Malaysia was the largest non-EU supplier in 2025. Other large suppliers included United States, Switzerland, China.
What is the average import price of arbitrary waveform generator in the EU?
Dividing Eurostat import value by weight gives about €310.58 per kilogram for CN 85432000 in 2025.
Which EU countries export the most arbitrary waveform generator?
Germany led EU exports to non-EU countries in 2025, followed by Lithuania, Czechia.
How many US companies are in the arbitrary waveform generator industry?
BLS counts 1,298 private establishments in NAICS 334515 (Instrument manufacturing for measuring and testing electricity and electrical signals), the closest official industry.
How many EU companies are in the arbitrary waveform generator industry?
Eurostat counts 8,828 enterprises in NACE class C2651 (Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation).
Free sample
Get a free sample of this report
We send the table of contents, two sample chapters and the method note, usually within one working day. You owe us nothing for asking.
- Full table of contents
- Two sample chapters
- Method note and data outline