From 30 December 2026, large and medium firms selling cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, soy or wood into the EU must prove these goods are deforestation-free, wherever they were produced.
Why this market is moving now
- The EUDR starts to apply to large and medium firms on 30 December 2026.
- Tropical primary forest loss is still 46% higher than a decade ago, so pressure on supply chains remains.
- More products, such as soluble coffee, enter scope on 30 December 2027.
- Fires caused 42% of global tree cover loss in 2025, which complicates tracing where deforestation happened.
Key figures
Global figures for this market, with the year each one describes. Use Cite to copy a reference to this page.
| Figure | Value | Year | Cite |
|---|---|---|---|
| The world lost 4.3 million hectares of tropical primary forest in 2025, more than 11 football fields a minute. | 4.3 million hectares | 2025 | |
| Tropical primary forest loss in 2025 was still 46% higher than a decade earlier. | 46 % higher than a decade ago | 2025 | |
| Global tree cover loss was 25.5 million hectares in 2025, down 14%, and fires caused 42% of it. | 25.5 million hectares | 2025 | |
| Brazil cut its primary forest loss by 42% in 2025 but still had the largest area of tropical rainforest loss of any country. | 42 % reduction (Brazil) | 2025 | |
| Bolivia had the second-highest tropical primary forest loss in 2025, more than the Democratic Republic of the Congo, despite having 60% less primary forest. | 60 % less primary forest than DR Congo | 2025 | |
| The EU Deforestation Regulation covers seven commodities linked to deforestation: cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, soy and wood, plus derived products, from any producing country. | seven commodities | 2026 | |
| The EUDR applies to large and medium operators and traders from 30 December 2026 and to micro and small enterprises from 30 June 2027. | 30 December 2026 | 2026 | |
| Products newly added to the EUDR scope, such as soluble coffee and certain palm oil derivatives, come into scope on 30 December 2027. | 30 December 2027 date for added products | 2027 | |
| The EU's country risk list rates Belarus, North Korea, Myanmar and Russia as high risk, while Brazil, Indonesia, Bolivia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are standard risk. | Belarus, North Korea, Myanmar, Russia high-risk countries | 2025 | |
| Annual EUDR compliance costs for companies are estimated at EUR 2.0 billion once simplification applies, down from EUR 8.1 billion a year under the 2023 rules. | 2.0 EUR billion per year | 2026 |
Calculated figures (shares, changes and prices per kilogram) are plain arithmetic on the reported values. Read how we work.
What the full report covers
- 01Executive summary
The answer in one page: size, direction and what moves it - 02Market definition and scope
What is in and out of the global market - 03Global market size, 2021 to 2025
Historical series and growth rates - 04Countries and regions
Demand, supply and trade by country and region - 05Outlook to 2031
Base, low and high scenarios with stated assumptions - 06Rules, policy and deadlines
Regulation and programmes that change demand - 07Drivers and barriers
What accelerates or slows adoption, by customer segment - 08Prices, costs and margins
Unit economics where public data allows - 09Competitive landscape
8 to 12 company profiles with recent moves - 10Opportunities and risks
For new entrants, suppliers and investors - 11Method and assumptions
How every figure was built
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Frequently asked questions
How much forest is lost each year worldwide?
The world lost 4.3 million hectares of tropical primary forest in 2025 and 25.5 million hectares of tree cover in total. Fires caused 42% of the tree cover loss.
Which countries lose the most tropical forest?
Brazil had the largest area of tropical rainforest loss in 2025 despite a 42% cut. Bolivia was second, ahead of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Which commodities does the EU Deforestation Regulation cover?
It covers seven commodities: cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, soy and wood, plus derived products, wherever they are produced.
When does the EUDR apply?
It applies to large and medium operators from 30 December 2026 and to micro and small enterprises from 30 June 2027. Newly added products follow on 30 December 2027.
Which countries are high risk under the EUDR?
Belarus, North Korea, Myanmar and Russia are rated high risk. Brazil, Indonesia, Bolivia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are standard risk.
How much does EUDR compliance cost?
Compliance costs for companies are estimated at EUR 2.0 billion a year after simplification, down from EUR 8.1 billion a year under the 2023 rules.
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