What this market covers
A data center substation steps grid power down to the voltage that server halls can use and protects the supply. Buyers are data center developers, colocation operators and large cloud companies.
Typical segments
- Medium voltage switchgear
- Power transformers
- Prefabricated substations
- Protection and control systems
Source: Eurostat
Why this market is moving now
- Extra-EU import value moved +221% from 2020 to 2025, a direct read on EU demand for sourced supply.
- Supply is concentrated: one country provided a large share of extra-EU imports in 2025.
- US employment in the core industry shifted +40% since 2020.
Key figures
Each figure names the source it came from. Open the source list below to read the quoted line.
| Figure | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| The EU imported €609.8 million of products under CN code 85372091 (Boards, cabinets and similar combinations of apparatus for electric control or the) from outside the EU in 2025. | 609.8 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Extra-EU imports of CN 85372091 were up 221% in 2025 compared with 2020 (€189.9 million), calculated from Eurostat values. | +221 % change | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 85372091 to countries outside the EU were worth €1.71 billion in 2025. | 1.71 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Trade between EU member states in CN 85372091 (intra-EU arrivals) came to €1.19 billion in 2025. | 1.19 EUR billion | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Türkiye was the largest non-EU supplier of CN 85372091 to the EU in 2025, with €231.1 million, or 38% of extra-EU imports. | 231.1 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| EU exports of CN 85372091 to the United States were €446.1 million in 2025. | 446.1 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The average value of extra-EU imports of CN 85372091 was €17.87 per kilogram in 2025, calculated from Eurostat value and weight. | 17.87 EUR per kg | 2025 | Eurostat |
| Germany was the largest EU exporter of CN 85372091 to non-EU countries in 2025, at €833.8 million. | 833.8 EUR million | 2025 | Eurostat |
| The EU had 8,600 enterprises in NACE class C2711 (Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers) in 2023. | 8,600 enterprises | 2023 | Eurostat |
| EU enterprises in NACE class C2711 had net turnover of €70.00 billion in 2023. | 70.00 EUR billion | 2023 | Eurostat |
| NACE class C2711 employed 260,584 people across the EU in 2023. | 260,584 persons employed | 2023 | Eurostat |
| The US had 663 private establishments in NAICS 335311 (Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing) in 2025. | 663 establishments | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| NAICS 335311 employed an average of 36,478 people in US private industry in 2025. | 36,478 jobs | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| US employment in NAICS 335311 changed by +40% between 2020 (26,016 jobs) and 2025, calculated from BLS figures. | +40 % change | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
| Average annual pay in US NAICS 335311 was $86,166 in 2025. | 86,166 USD per year | 2025 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
Sources and method
The figures on this page come from the public sources listed below. Read how we work.
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 1
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85372091, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 609804016
- Figure 2
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85372091, flow import, 2020 VALUE_IN_EUROS 189880268; 2025 VALUE_IN_EUROS 609804016
- Figure 3
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85372091, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 1713048220
- Figure 4
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85372091, partner INT_EU27_2020, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 1190849059
- Figure 5
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85372091, partner TR, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 231125742
- Figure 6
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85372091, partner US, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 446149379
- Figure 7
DS-045409, reporter EU27_2020, product 85372091, flow import, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 609804016, QUANTITY_IN_100KG 341334
- Figure 1
- Eurostat: EU trade since 1988 by HS2-4-6 and CN8 (DS-045409) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 8
DS-045409, reporter DE, product 85372091, partner EXT_EU27_2020, flow export, 2025, VALUE_IN_EUROS 833823382
- Figure 8
- Eurostat: Enterprises by detailed NACE Rev. 2 activity and special aggregates (sbs_ovw_act) (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 9
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C2711, indic_sbs ENT_NR, 2023, 8600
- Figure 10
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C2711, indic_sbs NETTUR_MEUR, 2023, 70000
- Figure 11
sbs_ovw_act, geo EU27_2020, nace_r2 C2711, indic_sbs EMP_NR, 2023, 260584
- Figure 9
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: QCEW annual averages, NAICS 335311, 2025 (2026-11-04)
Quoted lines
- Figure 12
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 335311, annual_avg_estabs 663
- Figure 13
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 335311, annual_avg_emplvl 36478
- Figure 14
QCEW 2020 annual_avg_emplvl 26016; 2025 annual_avg_emplvl 36478
- Figure 15
QCEW 2025 annual, US000, private, NAICS 335311, avg_annual_pay 86166
- Figure 12
Buyers and suppliers
Who buys
- Hyperscale cloud operators
- Colocation providers
- Engineering contractors
Large non-EU suppliers to the EU
What the full report covers
- 01Executive summary
The answer in one page: size, direction and what moves it - 02Market definition and scope
What is in and out of the European Union market - 03Market size, 2021 to 2025
Historical series and growth rates - 04Outlook to 2031
Base, low and high scenarios with stated assumptions - 05Rules, policy and deadlines
Regulation and programmes that change demand - 06Drivers and barriers
What accelerates or slows adoption, by customer segment - 07Prices, costs and margins
Unit economics where public data allows - 08Competitive landscape
8 to 12 company profiles with recent moves - 09Opportunities and risks
For new entrants, suppliers and investors - 10Method and sources
Every assumption and source, listed
Included with the full report
- PDF report, 40 to 60 pages
- Excel data pack
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- Method note and assumptions
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Frequently asked questions
How big is the EU data center substation market?
There is no single official market total. Eurostat trade data shows the EU imported €609.8 million of goods under CN 85372091 from outside the EU in 2025 and exported €1.71 billion.
Where does the EU import data center substation from?
Türkiye was the largest non-EU supplier in 2025. Other large suppliers included China, Norway, Switzerland.
What is the average import price of data center substation in the EU?
Dividing Eurostat import value by weight gives about €17.87 per kilogram for CN 85372091 in 2025.
Which EU countries export the most data center substation?
Germany led EU exports to non-EU countries in 2025, followed by Spain, Czechia.
How many US companies are in the data center substation industry?
BLS counts 663 private establishments in NAICS 335311 (Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing), the closest official industry.
How many EU companies are in the data center substation industry?
Eurostat counts 8,600 enterprises in NACE class C2711 (Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers).
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